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Overview

Standing, or locus standi, is capacity of a party to bring suit in court.

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Standing in State Court

A state's statutes will determine what constitutes standing in that particular state's courts. These typically revolve around the requirement that plaintiffs have sustained or will sustain direct injury or harm and that this harm is redressable.

Standing in Federal Court

At the federal level, legal actions cannot be brought simply on the ground that an individual or group is displeased with a government action or law. Federal courts only have constitutional authority to resolve actual disputes (see Case or Controversy).

In Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife (90-1424), 504 U.S. 555 (1992), the Supreme Court created a three-part test to determine whether a party has standing to sue:

  1. The plaintiff must have suffered an 'injury in fact,' meaning that the injury is of a legally protected interest which is (a) concrete and particularized and (b) actual or imminent
  2. There must be a causal connection between the injury and the conduct brought before the court
  3. It must be likely, rather than speculative, that a favorable decision by the court will redress the injury

Further Reading

For Supreme Court decisions focusing on the 'standing' issue, see, e.g., County of Riverside v. McLaughlin, 500 U.S. 44 (1991), Northeastern Fla. Chapter of the Associated Gen. Contractors v. City of Jacksonville, 508 U.S. 656 (1993) and Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992).

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Nancy Guttmann Slack (born 1930 in New York City) is an American plant ecologist, bryologist, and historian of science. She was the president of the American Bryological and Lichenological Society from 2005 to 2007.

Biography[edit]

In December 1951 Nancy Guttmann married Glen A. Slack.[1] At Cornell University she graduated in June 1952 with B.Sc. in agriculture[2] and in 1954 with M.Sc.[3] Her master's thesis is entitled Variation of the Small Cranberries in Eastern North America.[4] In the late 1950s and the decade of the 1960s she raised three children and helped her husband's career.[5] In 1971 she received her Ph.D. in ecology from the University at Albany, SUNY. Her Ph.D. thesis, entitled Species diversity and community structure in bryophytes,[6] won the Paul C. Lemon Award.[7] After receiving her Ph.D. she became an assistant professor of biology at Russell Sage College and retired there in 2002 as professor emerita.[8] After formal retirement from Russell Sage College, she engaged in “writing books and magazine articles, teaching ecology, natural history, and botany, birding, singing in an oratorio society, reading, and doing scientific travel with her husband.”[2] She has done research on bryophytes, ecosystems of the U.S. Northeast, the ecology of peatlands, ecological niche theory, and the history of ecology and botany.

In 2012 Nancy G. Slack was the project director for an investigation resulting in the report Alpine Snowbed communities of Mt. Washington and the monitoring of Populations of Rare Bryophytes and Lichens in relation to Future Climate Change Project.[9] She received the 2014 Guy Waterman Alpine Steward Award for her lifetime achievement in alpine ecology and conservation work for mountain wilderness in the American Northeast.[10]

Her husband, an outstanding physicist and inventor, died in 2019, leaving his widow, three children, and six grandchildren.[5] The Russell Sage College sponsors the Glen and Nancy Slack Endowed Award in the Sciences Fund for outstanding juniors or seniors in 'biology, pre-medicine or biochemistry.'[8]

Selected publications[edit]

Articles[edit]

  • Vitt, Dale H.; Slack, Nancy G. (1975). 'An analysis of the vegetation of Sphagnum-dominated kettle-hole bogs in relation to environmental gradients'. Canadian Journal of Botany. 53 (4): 332–359. doi:10.1139/b75-042.
  • Horton, Diana G.; Vitt, Dale H.; Slack, Nancy G. (1979). 'Habitats of circumboreal–subarctic sphagna: I. A quantitative analysis and review of species in the Caribou Mountains, northern Alberta'. Canadian Journal of Botany. 57 (20): 2283–2317. doi:10.1139/b79-275.
  • Vitt, Dale H.; Slack, Nancy G. (1984). 'Niche diversification of Sphagnum relative to environmental factors in northern Minnesota peatlands'. Canadian Journal of Botany. 62 (7): 1409–1430. doi:10.1139/b84-192.
  • Slack, Nancy G.; Glime, Janice M. (1985). 'Niche Relationships of Mountain Stream Bryophytes'. The Bryologist. 88 (1): 7–18. doi:10.2307/3242643. JSTOR3242643.
  • Abir-Am, Pnina G.; Outram, Dorinda, eds. (1987). 'Chapter 5. Nineteenth-Century American Women Botanists: Wives, Widows, and Work by Nancy G. Slack'. Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science, 1789-1979. pp. 77–103. ISBN9780813512563.
  • Slack, Nancy G. (1990). 'Bryophytes and ecological niche theory'. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 104 (1–3): 187–213. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb02218.x.
  • Schmitt, Claire K.; Slack, Nancy G. (1990). 'Host Specificity of Epiphytic Lichens and Bryophytes: A Comparison of the Adirondack Mountains (New York) and the Southern Blue Ridge Mountains (North Carolina)'. The Bryologist. 93 (3): 257–274. doi:10.2307/3243509. JSTOR3243509.
  • Slack, Nancy G.; Vitt, Dale H.; Horton, Diana G. (1980). 'Vegetation gradients of minerotrophically rich fens in western Alberta'. Canadian Journal of Botany. 58 (3): 330–350. doi:10.1139/b80-034.
  • Vitt, Dale H.; Horton, Diana G.; Slack, Nancy G.; Malmer, Nils (1990). 'Sphagnum-dominated peatlands of the hyperoceanic British Columbia coast: Patterns in surface water chemistry and vegetation'. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 20 (6): 696–711. doi:10.1139/x90-093.
  • Slack, Nancy G. (1992). 'Rare and endangered bryophytes in New York State and Eastern United States: Current status and preservation strategies'. Biological Conservation. 59 (2–3): 233–241. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(92)90590-j.
  • Slack, Nancy G.; Hallingbäck, Tomas (1992). 'Community and species responses to environmental gradients in suboceanic mires of the west Swedish coast'. Annales Botanici Fennici. 29 (4): 269–293. JSTOR23726236. 1992
  • Slobodkin, Lawrence B.; Slack, Nancy G. (1999). 'George Evelyn Hutchinson: 20th-century ecologist'. Endeavour. 23: 24–30. doi:10.1016/S0160-9327(99)01182-5.
  • Cleavitt, Natalie L.; Williams, Susan A.; Slack, Nancy G. (2009). 'Relationship of Bryophyte Occurrence to Rock Type in Upstate New York and Coastal Maine'. Northeastern Naturalist. 16: 67–84. doi:10.1656/045.016.0106. S2CID86032271.

Books[edit]

  • Slack, Nancy G.; Bell, Allison Williams (1995). AMC Field Guide to the New England Alpine Summits. Appalachian Mountain Club Books. ISBN978-1-878239-38-9; pbk, 96 pagesCS1 maint: postscript (link)
    • AMC Field Guide to the New England Alpine Summits (2nd ed.). 2006. ISBN978-1929173891; pbk, 104 pagesCS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • Pycior, Helena Mary; Slack, Nancy G.; Abir-Am, Pnina G., eds. (1996). Creative couples in the sciences. Rutgers University Press. ISBN978-0813521886.[11]
  • Slack, Nancy G.; Bell, Allison Williams (2006). Adirondack Alpine Summits: An Ecological Field Guide. Adirondack Mountain Club. ISBN9781931951180; pbkCS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • Slack, Nancy G. (1 January 2010). G. Evelyn Hutchinson and the Invention of Modern Ecology. Yale University Press. ISBN978-0-300-16138-0.[12][13]
  • Tuba, Zoltán; Slack, Nancy G.; Stark, Lloyd R., eds. (6 January 2011). Bryophyte Ecology and Climate Change. ISBN9781139493208.[14]

References[edit]

  1. ^'Nancy Gutmann's Troth; Marriage to Glen A. Slack Will Take Place in December'. The New York Times. October 25, 1951.
  2. ^ ab'Bachelors of Science in Agriculture'. The Cornell Daily Sun. 68 (181). 6 June 1952.
  3. ^'Class of '52'. Cornell Alumni Magazine, March/April 2011. p. 61.
  4. ^Slack, Nancy Guttmann (1954). Variation of the Small Cranberries in Eastern North America. Cornell University.
  5. ^ ab'Glen Slack 1928–2019'. glenvillefuneralhome.com.
  6. ^Slack, Nancy G. (1971). 'Soecies diversity and community structures in bryophytes'. Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York at Albany — Department of Biological Sciences.
  7. ^'People and Places'. BioScience. 23 (9): 546–548. 1973. doi:10.2307/1296485. ISSN0006-3568. JSTOR1296485.
  8. ^ ab'Glen and Nancy Slack Endowed Award in the Sciences Fund'. Russell Sage College.
  9. ^Slack, Nancy G.; Capers, Robert; Duckett, Jeffrey; Bell, Allison; Storms, Kate; Greene, Evelyn; Armstrong, Kathie (December 2012). 'Alpine Snowbed communities of Mt. Washington and the monitoring of Populations of Rare Bryophytes and Lichens in relation to Future Climate Change Project'(PDF).
  10. ^'2014 Alpine Steward Award Winner: Dr. Nancy Slack'. The Waterman Fund.
  11. ^Sime, Ruth Lewin (July 19, 1996), Science, New Series, 273 (5273): 316, doi:10.1126/science.273.5273.316, JSTOR2889732CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
  12. ^Kingsland, Sharon (2012). 'Review of G. Evelyn Hutchinson and the Invention of Modern Ecology. By Nancy G. Slack; Foreword by, Edward O. Wilson'. The Quarterly Review of Biology. 87 (1): 47–48. doi:10.1086/663892. ISSN0033-5770.
  13. ^Tjossem, Sara (2012). 'Review of G. Evelyn Hutchinson and the Invention of Modern Ecology by Nancy G. Slack'. Isis. 103 (1): 213–214. doi:10.1086/666451. ISSN0021-1753.
  14. ^Shaw, Jonathan (2012). 'Review of Bryophyte Ecology and Climate Change edited by Zoltán Tuba, Nancy G. Slack, and Lloyd R. Stark'. The Quarterly Review of Biology. 87 (3): 252. doi:10.1086/666782. ISSN0033-5770.

External links[edit]

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  • 'Impact Show 306 Barbara Brabetz and Dr. Nancy G. Slack'. YouTube. mrstprctors. June 28, 2012.

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Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Guttmann_Slack&oldid=997496295'




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